Raffaelo di Giovanni Santi or more commonly known by Raphael, was a well know painter, architect, and "old master" of the High Renaissance along with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. HIs work can be separated into three sections: his first years in Umbria, 4 years learning in Florence, and the next twelve years working for the Popes. He probably studied with his father, a painter, until he when Raphael was 11, leaving him orphaned. He continued working in his father's workshop. He later worked for Perugino as an apprentice shown in their similar styles and practices until moving to Florence in 1504, as a "master" (fully trained). He was influenced greatly by Leonardo da Vinci, including the pyramidal composition of the Mona Lisa, contrapposto, and his sfumato modeling. In 1508, he was called to Rome by the Pope and was commissioned to paint the "Raphael Rooms" which were the Pope's private libraries at the Vatican Palace. One of these rooms, the Stanza della Segnatura contains The School of Athens. He even dabbled in architecture, and after Bramante's death was seen as the most important architect in Rome. He stayed in Rome for the next 12 years, creating frescoes, tapestries, and portraits until his death in 1520 at the age of 37. In regards to his processes, he used drawings to lay out possible compositions. Some drawings appear even better than the paintings, as they are often very precise with shadings and value. He used metalpoint after everyone else and used red or black chalk often. The video below explains the process of transferring a cartoon onto a wall, a process used by Raphael often. Watch from 10:00-13:00. Sources:
https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1818.html#biography https://www.raphaelsanzio.org/biography.html Questions: 1. How did Raphael's apprenticeship with Perugino influence his future artwork? 2. Who are some of the people in Raphael's School of Athens and what symbols are represented? 3. What was Raphael's relationship with other master painters including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci?
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June 2021
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